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Thyroid

Ανατομία και φυσιολογία του θυρεοειδούς αδένα

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? ?????????? ????? ??? ?????????? ??????, ??? ????????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ????????. ? ???? ???, ????? ??? ????????? ??????, ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ???? «?????», ??? ???????? ?????? – ?????? ?????????? ??? ??????????? ??? ???????. ???????????? ? ?????????? ???????????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?????????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ????????.

? ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ????????? ???? ????? ??? ????????????? ??? ??? ????? ????. ?? ????????? ??? ??????????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ??????????? ??? ??????????? ???????????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????. ???? ??????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ??? ???????? ?????????????. ? ?????????? ????? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ?? ???????. ???? ??????? ???????????? ??? ?????? ????????, ??????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?? ????????????? ??????? ??? ????????? ??????????? (????????? ??????? C). ?? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ??????????? ????? ????????? ???????????. ?? ????????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????????? ???? ???? ??? ????????, ?? ????????? ????????? ??? ????? ?????????????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????????????. ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??? ????? ???????????. ?? ??????? C ???????? ????? ?????????? ?????????????? ?????? ??? ????????? ???????????.? ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ????????? ???? ????? ??? ????????????? ??? ??? ????? ????. ?? ????????? ??? ??????????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ??????????? ??? ??????????? ???????????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????. ???? ??????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ??? ???????? ?????????????. ? ?????????? ????? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ?? ???????. ???? ??????? ???????????? ??? ?????? ????????, ??????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?? ????????????? ??????? ??? ????????? ??????????? (????????? ??????? C). ?? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ??????????? ????? ????????? ???????????. ?? ????????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????????? ???? ???? ??? ????????, ?? ????????? ????????? ??? ????? ?????????????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????????????. ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??? ????? ???????????. ?? ??????? C ???????? ????? ?????????? ?????????????? ?????? ??? ????????? ???????????.

Anatomy of the thyroid.
A low power histological image of thyroid tissue exhibiting numerous follicles filled with eosinophilic colloid and lined by bland cuboidal epithelium.
A high power view of follicles lined by bland cuboidal epithelium. Note the variability in nuclear diameter (anisonucleosis) which is a normal feature of endocrine glands and should not be interpreted as suspicious by itself.

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?? ??????? ??? ??????????? ?3 (???-????????????) ??? ?4 (????????) ??????????? ???? ???? ?????. ????????? ??????????? ?4 ??? ??? ?3, ???? ? ?4 ???????????? ?? ???????? ???????????? ?????? (???? ?? ????, ? ?????? ??? ?? ????) ???? ??? ????????? ?3 ?? ??????????. ? ??????? ????? ???????????? ??? ?????????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ????????? ??????? ??????????????? ??? Na+-K+-ATP??? ??????. ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ????????? ?????. ???? ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ???????? ????????? ??? ?? ?????????? ??? ?????????????. ???? ??? ??????? ??? ?????????????? ???? ??? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ???????? (coupling) ??? ?? ?????????? ?3 ? ?4, ? ????? ????????? ????????????? ???? ????????. ???? ???????????? ?? ????????? ??????? ??? ??? ???????????? (thyroid stimulating hormone ? TSH) ??? ????????? ??? ??? ???????, ?? ?????????? ??????????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ??????????? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ????????????? ??? ?????????????? ??? ?????????? ???????. ? ??????? ??? ????????????? ??? TSH ?????????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?????????? ????????????-???????? ?????? (thyrotrophin releasing hormone, TRH) ? ????? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ??? ??? ?????????. ? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ????????? ???????????? ?????????? ?? ????? ??? ?3 ??? ??? ?4 ???? ??????? ??? ??? ????????? ??? ?? ?????????? ? ?? ??????????? ??? ???????????? ??? TSH ??? ??? TRH ???????????. 

???? ? ?3 ??? ? ?4 ?????????????? ???? ??????????, ????????? ?? ????????? ??? ?????????, ?????? ??? ?????????????? ???????? (thyroxine-binding globulin, TBG). ???????? ??? ?? 1% ????? ??? ????????????? ????? ????????? ???? ?????????? – ??? ????? ????????? ??? ????????? ??????. ?? ????? ??? ?3 ??? ?4 ???? ?????????? ??????????????? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????????? ??? ???????????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ???????, ?????????? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ??????????? ??? ????????????, ?????????????? ??? ???????? ??? ????????????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???????????? ??? ?????????, ????????? ??? ????????.  ??? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??????????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ??? ??????? ??? ????????? ???? ?? ????- ? ???-???????????? ?? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??? ????.

Thyroid hormone synthesis.
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